Surface Physics Publications

Publications in Scientific Journals Since 2000 (incomplete)
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Name	Purpose	Lifetime	Type	Provider
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Name	Purpose	Lifetime	Type	Provider
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Name	Purpose	Lifetime	Type	Provider
_ga	Is needed to distinguish the sessions of the users from each other.	persistent	HTTP	Google Analytics
_gali	Is needed to determine which links are clicked on a page.	expires immediately	HTTP	Google Analytics
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gtag	Is needed to perform remarketing.	30 days	HTTP	Google AdSense
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AID	Is needed to activate targeted advertising.	2 years	HTTP	Google Analytics
ANID	Is needed to display Google ads on non-Google websites.	2 years	HTTP	Google AdSense
APISID	Unknown functionality	2 years	HTTP	Google Ads Optimization
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CONSENT	Is needed to store the preferences of visitors and personalize advertising.	persistent	HTTP	Google
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IDE	Is needed by DoubleClick to record and report the actions of users on the website after viewing or clicking on one of the provider's ads, with the purpose of measuring the effectiveness of an advertisement and displaying targeted advertisements to users.	2 years	HTTP	Doubleclick
LOGIN_INFO	Is used to store the credentials of users of Google services.	2 years	HTTP	Google
NID	Is used to store information about user settings.	6 months	HTTP	Google
OTZ	Is needed to link activities of visitors with other devices that are previously logged in via the Google account. In this way, advertising is tailored to different devices.	1 month	HTTP	Google
RUL	Is needed by DoubleClick to determine whether advertising has been displayed correctly in order to make marketing activities more efficient.	1 year	HTTP	Doubleclick
SAPISID	Is needed by YouTube to store user settings and to calculate user bandwidth.	persistent	HTTP	Google
SEARCH_SAMESITE	Enables servers to mitigate the risk of CSRF and information leakage attacks by specifying that a particular cookie may only be sent on requests originating from the same registerable domain.	6 months	HTTP	Google
SID	Contains the Google account ID and the last login time of the user.	2 years	HTTP	Google
SIDCC	Is needed to store information about user settings and information for Google Maps.	3 months	HTTP	Google
SSID	Is needed to collect visitor information for videos hosted by YouTube on Google Maps integrated maps.	persistent	HTTP	Google
__SECURE-1PAPISID	Is needed for targeting purposes to create a profile of the interests of website visitors.	2 years	HTTP	Google
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__SECURE-APISID	Is needed to profile the interests of website visitors in order to display relevant and personalized advertising through retargeting.	8 months	HTTP	Google
__SECURE-HSID	Is needed to secure digitally signed and encrypted data from the unique Google ID and to store the last login time that Google uses to identify visitors, prevent fraudulent use of login data, and protect visitor data from unauthorized parties. This may also be used for targeting purposes to display relevant and personalized advertising content.	8 months	HTTP	Google
__SECURE-SSID	Is needed to store information about how visitors use the site and about the ads they may have seen before visiting the site. Also used to customize ads on Google domains.	8 months	HTTP	Google
test_cookie	Is set as a test to check whether the browser allows cookies to be set. Does not contain any identification features.	15 minutes	HTTP	Google
VISITOR_INFO1_LIVE	Is needed by YouTube to store user settings and to calculate user bandwidth.	6 months	HTTP	Youtube
facebook	Is used to Enable ad delivery or retargeting	90 days	HTTP	Meta (Facebook)
__fb_chat_plugin	Is needed to store and track interactions (marketing/tracking).	persistent	HTTP	Meta (Facebook)
_js_datr	Is needed to save user settings.	2 years	HTTP	Meta (Facebook)
_fbc	Is needed to save the last visit (marketing/tracking).	2 years	HTTP	Meta (Facebook)
fbm	Is needed to store account data (marketing/tracking).	1 year	HTTP	Meta (Facebook)
xs	Is needed to store a unique session ID (marketing/tracking).	1 year	HTTP	Meta (Facebook)
wd	Is needed to log the screen resolution.	1 week	HTTP	Meta (Facebook)
fr	Is needed to serve ads and measure and improve their relevance.	3 months	HTTP	Meta (Facebook)
act	Is needed to store logged in users (marketing/tracking).	90 days	HTTP	Meta (Facebook)
_fbp	Is needed to store and track visits to various websites (marketing/tracking).	3 months	HTTP	Meta (Facebook)
datr	Is needed to identify the browser for security and website integrity purposes, including account recovery and identification of potentially compromised accounts.	2 years	HTTP	Meta (Facebook)
dpr	Is used for analysis purposes. Technical parameters are logged (e.g. aspect ratio and dimensions of the screen) so that Facebook apps can be displayed correctly.	1 week	HTTP	Meta (Facebook)
sb	Is needed to store browser details and security information of the Facebook account.	2 years	HTTP	Meta (Facebook)
dbln	Is needed to store browser details and security information of the Facebook account.	2 years	HTTP	Meta (Facebook)
spin	Is needed for promotional purposes and social campaign reporting.	session	HTTP	Meta (Facebook)
presence	Contains the "chat" status of logged in users.	1 month	HTTP	Meta (Facebook)
cppo	Is needed for statistical purposes.	90 days	HTTP	Meta (Facebook)
locale	Is needed to save the language settings.	session	HTTP	Meta (Facebook)
pl	Required for Facebook Pixel.	2 years	HTTP	Meta (Facebook)
lu	Required for Facebook Pixel.	2 years	HTTP	Meta (Facebook)
c_user	Required for Facebook Pixel.	3 months	HTTP	Meta (Facebook)
bcookie	Is needed to store browser data (marketing/tracking).	2 years	HTTP	LinkedIn
li_oatml	Is needed to identify LinkedIn members outside of LinkedIn for advertising and analytics purposes.	1 month	HTTP	LinkedIn
BizographicsOptOut	Is needed to save privacy settings.	10 years	HTTP	LinkedIn
li_sugr	Is needed to store browser data (marketing/tracking).	3 months	HTTP	LinkedIn
UserMatchHistory	Is needed to provide advertising or retargeting (marketing/tracking).	30 days	HTTP	LinkedIn
linkedin_oauth_	Is needed to provide cross-page functionality.	session	HTTP	LinkedIn
lidc	Is needed to store performed actions on the website (marketing/tracking).	1 day	HTTP	LinkedIn
bscookie	Is needed to store performed actions on the website (marketing/tracking).	2 years	HTTP	LinkedIn
X-LI-IDC	Is needed to provide cross-page functionality (marketing/tracking).	session	HTTP	LinkedIn
AnalyticsSyncHistory	Stores the time when the user was synchronized with the "lms_analytics" cookie.	30 days	HTTP	LinkedIn
lms_ads	Is needed to identify LinkedIn members outside of LinkedIn.	30 days	HTTP	LinkedIn
lms_analytics	Is needed to identify LinkedIn members for analytics purposes.	30 days	HTTP	LinkedIn
li_fat_id	Required for indirect member identification used for conversion tracking, retargeting and analytics.	30 days	HTTP	LinkedIn
U	Is needed to identify the browser.	3 months	HTTP	LinkedIn
_guid	Is needed to identify a LinkedIn member for advertising via Google Ads.	90 days	HTTP	LinkedIn