Advanced analytical methods are used to investigate the composition, structure, and corrosion behaviour of both historical and reference samples. Techniques such as X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and spectroscopic analysis allow for detailed insights into microstructure, chemical composition, and patina formation. These results form the scientific basis for understanding material degradation and preservation.

Hand processes the surface of a gold-colored metal bowl with a tool.

Manual surface processing of a metal sample

Various metalworking tools hang on a wall in a workshop.

Collection of tools for traditional metalworking

Two hammered pieces of metal are held in front of a polishing wheel.

Hammered reference samples before mechanical post-processing

Hand hits a piece of metal lying on an anvil with a hammer.

Manual forming by hammering on the anvil